中国可以仅仅通过抄袭和模仿从而替代美国成为超级强国吗？ [美国媒体]

-------------译者：卡思-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

China is working on a copy of the F 15 Eagle fighter jet and they have named it J 16. This is just their latest known endeavor in copying Americans. In E commerce they have copied Twitter Uber Google Ebay etc. U.S.A has a machine on Mars. Quite a feat. Doesn't China need to be innovative too?

中国正在复制F 15鹰战斗机，他们命名它为J 16。这只是他们最新的模仿美国人所做的努力。在电子商务方面，他们已经复制了推特，Uber，谷歌，易趣网等。美国在火星上有一台机器。真是一项伟业。中国不需要创新吗？
-------------译者：彼岸曼陀罗-审核者：bs1747------------

ay Comeau A decade in China interest in geopolitics
upxed Oct 8
A2A. China is not a superpower. It has never proposed that it would become one. To be a superpower you need to be both economic and military dominance that it projects its power over areas and countries far beyond its own borders. To date modern China has maintained its military strictly for the defence of its territory.

区对区，中国并没有制霸全球，也从来没打算要问鼎天下。欲为超级大国，你需要有经济和军事上的统治支配力，在远超国界之外的各个地域和国家部署你的权力。而当下新中国的军事仅为维持其领土的防御。

OK let’s talk about copying & imitating in business. Does this happen world wide? Yes it happens everyday in every country. In business we have a euphemism called - "being competitive”. It consists of the practise of imitating what your competition is doing successfully. You see this literally everyday and it has been going on since business strategy was created. In your country is there only ONE hamburger or chicken or coffee or drugstore chain or cable TV network or one smart phone that has different features than all the other ones? NO because 95% of the time business all over the world function by imitating success and 5% of the time they are disruptors and innovate something different.

好吧，让我们谈谈商业领域的复制和模仿。这事儿全世界都有吗？是的，它每天都在每个国家发生。在商业上，我们有一个委婉的说法叫“竞争”。这包括模仿正在大获成功的竞争对手。你每天都会看到这一点，而自从商业战略问世以来，它就一直存在。你的国家是否只有一种汉堡包，或一种鸡肉，一种咖啡，一家药店连锁，一家有线电视网，一个跟其他所有手机有着完全不同功能的智能手机呢？不是的。因为全世界的商业，其中95%是在效仿成功模式，而只有5%是来踢馆的，搞点革新什么的。

 -------------译者：彼岸曼陀罗-审核者：bs1747------------

When Japan auto industry nearly killed the US auto industry in the later part of 20th century; did they reinvent cars? NO. They improved the quality of what US manufacturers had designed to give the consumer what they wanted and what they wanted was Japanese cars not American ones which forced US car manufacturers copy Japanese manufacturers. IRONIC isn’t it?

在20世纪下半叶日本汽车工业几乎摧毁美国汽车工业的时候，是他们重新发明了汽车吗？不，他们提高了美国制造商者的设计质量，给了消费者他们所想要的。所以当人们想要的是日本车而不是美国车时，这又迫使美国汽车制造商抄袭日本制造商。这很讽刺不是吗？

A number of people believe Apple is not a company that invents. Rather it takes what others have already invented and applies those things in a different way. Yet Apple is rated by many as innovative.

许多人认为苹果是不是一个原创公司。相反，它摘取了别人已经发明的东西并把这些东西以不同的方式付诸应用。然而，苹果被很很多人奉为革新者。

To a degree what China has done to date is similar to what Japan did in the 1970’s and for the next 30 odd years. China is the world’s factory in large measure because it can produce things in great volume and at lower overall cost compared to others giving western businesses & multi-national companies higher profit margins.

在某种程度上说，迄今为止中国的行为类似于日本在70年代以及之后剩余的30年里所做之事。中国是巨型规模的世界工厂，因为它能用比别人更低的总成本生产大量物品，从而给西方企业和跨国企业带来更高的利润。

 -------------译者：shulibo20161204-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

As for copying search engines and eBay a search engine is a search engine. In China Baidu is built entirely on the domestic cultural norms and expectations. Why would a western approach be valued in China? It takes a basic search engine algorithm and customizes the customer experience. 

至于抄袭搜索引擎和易趣，搜索引擎就是搜索引擎。但中国百度是完全建立在中国本土文化习惯和期望上。凭什么中国要看重西方的方式？只需要基本的搜索引擎算法和定制客户体验即可。

This is why McDonalds Home Depot Walmart and few others are failing in China. They are failing in China because they are not delivering what the local public wants to buy. As a social network WeChat in China is far superior to Facebook. QQ is superior to Skype for long distance calling and video chats. A number of software may not have originated in China; but they improved upon it and more importantly monetized it.

这是如麦当劳沃尔玛等其它组织在中国失败的原因。因为它们没有传递出本土社会需要买的。如社交软件微信在中国比facebook要流行的多。QQ在远程通话和视屏语音的应用上比skype用的更多。一些软件也许并不起源于中国，但是中国人将这些软件提升了，更重要的是使这些软件挣钱了。

Innovation is process that builds on a foundation that already exists.

创新是一个过程。建立在己经存在的基础上。

-------------译者：cccoom1993-审核者：Anunnaki------------

As to innovative perhaps this is news to some -

至于创新，下面这些对于某些人来说或许是新闻。

China has built the fastest supercomputer in the world for several years now. Currently it’s 5 times faster that the fastest US computer; and it was designed in China with Chinese manufactured chips.
Scientific American rates China as the 2nd best country for science.
In a collaborative endeavour between Chinese and Austrian Academy of Sciences China launched the first quantum satellite this year.
China is ranked 2nd in nanotechnology research.
China operates 20000 kms of high speed railroad all domestically built.
According to the UN Conference on Trade and Development: China is the largest exporter of technology.

几年前，中国就已经建立了世界上最快的超级计算机了。目前它的速度是美国最快超算的5倍，它由中国自行设计制造并全部使用中国自产的芯片。
美国科学认为中国是世界第二的科技大国。
中国通过和奥地利科学院的合作，在今年发射了世界上第一颗量子卫星。
中国的纳米技术研究世界排名第二。
中国依靠自己在国内建立了并经营着20000公里的高铁。
根据联合国在贸易和发展方面的会议报告：中国已经是世界上最大的技术出口国。

In summary after China decided to switch economic direction towards a customized free enterprise model it began following the basic business methods of imitating success and then created added value first by being able to produce at lower costs and later by modifications. In the process it has been able to drive GDP growth.

总而言之，在中国选择将经济模式调整为鼓励自由企业的市场经济体制之后，它开始遵照那些基础的，即通过模仿来获得成功的商业策略，然后通过修改产品以及降低生产成本来创造更多的附加值。在这个过程完成后，它成功地推动了中国的经济增长。

-------------译者：Linsanity2018-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Misha Sivan Keen observer of how the most progressive political ideas have been implemented
Written Oct 8
No China neither needs to nor wants to replace USA as a superpower. It is not a contest where the winner becomes a superpower and there is only one.
Since 1991 we have been and still are living in a unipolar world where USA has been the only superpower on the planet. The situation is changing economically militarily and politically. We are moving to a multipolar system of international relations where China and Russia will play a bigger role in the international affairs. Thus China will not replace USA but will exercise its potential to get a place at the table of the world leaders it deserves. Here is an interesting article on the subject: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/....
Imitating is not a problem in the world of global connectivity since most of the countries copy and imitate. Besides all the latest technology is manufactured in China today so they don’t even need to steal anything.

不，中国没有必要也没有意愿代替美国成为超级大国。这并不是一场只有赢家才能成为唯一超级大国的竞赛。
自从1991年以来，我们一直生活在一个单极世界中，美国是全球唯一的超级大国。
然而，在经济、军事和政治上，这样的局势正在发生改变，中国和俄罗斯将在国际事务中扮演更重大的角色。
因此，中国并不会代替美国，而是会充分发挥其自身潜力，在世界强国之林中赢得自己应有的一席之地。
这里有一篇关于这个话题的有趣文章：http://www.mitpressjournals.org/....
在这个全球相互联通的世界中，模仿并不是问题，因为大多数国家都在进行抄袭和模仿。
再说了，如今所有的前沿科技都在中国进行制造，所以他们甚至都不需要去窃取任何东西。

-------------译者：cccoom1993-审核者：酒醉的动机------------

Brian K. Price 20 year (and 2 war) military veteran...a lot of Joint time
upxed Nov 14
I think you are confusing “superpower” with leading trading partner or some other economic power house.

我认为你把超级大国的概念和起主导的贸易伙伴或大规模经济体的概念混淆了。

China is doing exceedingly well in that regards. But that’s not the same thing as being a “superpower.”

中国在这方面确实做得非常好。但是，这方面做得好并不等于说中国已经是超级大国。

Superpower is a word used to describe a state with a dominant position in international relations and which is characterised by its unparalleled ability to exert influence or project power on a global scale. This is done through the combined-means of technological cultural military and economic strength as well as diplomatic and soft power influence. (Superpower)

超级大国是一个用来描述在国际关系中占主导地位的国家的词语，其主要特点是能在全球范围内发挥影响力或投放军事力量的无可比拟的能力。这是能通过科技，文化，军事和经济实力以及外交和软实力来对其他国家地区施加全方位手段和影响的能力。 

There are many arguments as to why China will not be a superpower (Potential superpowers) but I think these miss the point as they are largely focused on economic environmental or population concerns. These are all true challenges for China but that’s not what impacts its ability to be superpower.

关于中国为什么不会成为超级大国（或者说是潜在的超级大国），虽然这个话题有非常多的争论，但我认为这些其实都没什么意义，因为他们的注意力主要都集中在经济环境或人口问题上。虽然这些确实是中国正面临的挑战，但光是这些做得好还远远不足以使其成为超级大国。

-------------译者：cccoom1993-审核者：酒醉的动机------------

Most notably it lacks influence. China is not a party to any major alliance. It has few “friends” (even with the very loose definition one would apply to nations) but is surrounded by enemies. It can certainly exert commercial pressure. And as a member of the Security Council it can impede other nations from using the UN to get things accomplished.

中国最明显的短板是它缺乏足够的影响力。中国并不是任何主要联盟的缔约国。她有几个所谓的“朋友”（即使是有对于一个国家来说的非常宽松的定义），但被更多的敌人所包围。当然，她可以对他国施加一些商业方面的压力，同时，作为联合国安理会成员，她也可以阻碍其他国家利用联合国来完成他们想做的事情。 

But in general China has very limited ability to influence other major nations. Which is part of the reason why it is so carefully tied to north Korea. Though the hermit kingdom consistently embarasses China and continuously challenges the leash China holds over it its (limited) influence over KJU is the one thing that China knows the rest of the world needs from it politically. This can allow it to some extent to get what it wants by offering to (or threatening to withhold) support for international actions vis-à-vis North Korea.

但总体而言，中国能对其他主要国家的施展的影响还是非常有限的。这也是为什么中国和朝鲜捆绑得如此之紧的原因的一部分。虽然这个隐者国度一直刺激着中国，不断令中国感到尴尬，并触碰中国对他划下的红线，但是，由于中国知道她对于朝鲜的（有限的）影响是世界其他地方需要在政治上有求于中国的地方，这让中国在某种程度上可以通过对那些针对朝鲜的国际行动的支持（或拒绝）来从其他国家获得她想要的东西。

-------------译者：cccoom1993-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Just as Russia was a critical player in the Iran nuke talks China is a key player in north Korean nuke talks. But that’s about it. In no other part of the world does China truly hold sway over another country. Russia has influence throughout the world to include places like Syria. China not so much.

正如俄罗斯是伊朗核武器谈判中的关键角色一样，中国是朝鲜核谈的关键角色。但也就止步于此了，中国在世界上其他任何地方都没有能够控制住一个国家的局面的能力。而俄罗斯的影响遍布于世界各地，包括像叙利亚这样的地方。而中国的表现则明显要逊色很多。  

China needs to make more friends before it can be a superpower. To date its “relationships” have been more commercial (mercenary) than friendly. That doesn’t engender trust and it is limited by purchasing power which can be mitigated by aligning oneself with a larger trading bloc (if not single country).

中国需要结交更多的盟友才能成为超级大国。到目前为止，中国的对外关系更加着眼于商业层面而不是国家友谊层面。这并不会产生国与国之间的信任，因为它受到商业行为本身的限制，而这些商业行为的影响是可以被其他国家通过更大规模的贸易集团的影响来抵消的。 

China has not demonstrated any interest in doing these things. It is certainly not following the US model. So no I don’t think China can become a superpower by copying the US. And I’m not entirely convinced it can become a superpower at all.

但中国到现在为止都没有表现出任何这样行事（结交盟友）的兴趣，她当然不是在模仿美国模式。所以，我并不认为中国可以通过模仿美国成为一个超级大国。并且我也不完全相信中国可以成为一个超级大国。

-------------译者：cccoom1993-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Robin Daverman World traveler
upxed Oct 8
Will China replace U.S.A. as a superpower by just copying and imitating?

中国是否会通过复制和模仿来取代美国超级大国的地位？

You over-estimate the feasibility of copying. The really good stuff can’t be copied easily. The Chinese have been literally taking the Beamer (BMW) engine apart with tweezers for like 70 years and still can’t make it. Not ever close.

你高估了复制本身能达到的上限。事实上，真正的好东西是无法被轻易复制的。中国人已经把宝马的发动机拆碎研究了70年，但仍然做不到那样的水准，就连接近都无法实现。

The Germans don’t bother worrying about their cars and precision instruments in the same way the French don’t bother with copyrighting Mona Lisa. Not a whole lot of people in the world can copy those things. The Americans worry about Chinese copying much more because they want to protect Mickey Mouse which is something even a 4-year-old can copy.

德国人不必担心他们的汽车和精密仪器会被中国人复制，同样的逻辑，法国人不用担心他们的蒙娜丽莎被中国人抄袭。这个世界上没多少人可以复制这些东西。而美国人之所以担心中国会从他们那里复制走更多的东西，那是因为他们想保护米老鼠这个连4岁的人都可以复制的玩意。

IF F-15 is being copied you should ask for a refund from Lockheed Martin for charging you an arm and a leg for something so simple that it’s easily replicable. It means there’ less tech there than in a Beamer engine.

如果F-15被中国复制了，你应该要求洛克希德·马丁给你一笔退款来作为补偿，因为这说明它很容易被复制，里面包含的技术比起宝马的发动机还要少。

-------------译者：cccoom1993-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Gordon Hsu Financial Professional at a major International Firm
Written Oct 6
Your information is outdated. In consumer tech originally China did copy the ideas of US companies but has sinced improved upon it to suit the Chinese market.

您的信息已经过期了。对这些面向消费者的技术而言，中国最初确实是复制了美国公司的想法，但已经对它进行了合适的改进以适应中国市场。 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/0...

In a role reversal it is Silicon Valley that is starting to copy or rather integrating similar features that first appeared in China.

在现在这个角色逆转的过程中，硅谷也正在学着复制或者整合与学习在中国首次出现的功能。

That's how innovation actually works in the real world. Take an existing idea and improve upon it to create something new and different.

这就是创新是如何在真实的世界中运作的。采纳一个已经存在的想法，然后改进它来创造一些新的和不同的东西。

-------------译者：cccoom1993-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Michael Agyeman lived in The United States of America
Written Oct 4
Hasn’t it done so already? While the USA is busy fighting wars and wasting its money and the lives of its youth in foreign lands making enemies for itself all over the place China has cleaned up its act considerably moved to a higher level of production. Copying yes but now also mastering technology and forcing markets to open to their goods. Every super power has the task of keeping others in line. The Romans had to and so does the USA. Unfortunately like the Romans the USA is overtaxing itself and not facing real problems at home.

这难道不是已经在发生的事情吗？一方面美国忙于战争，浪费金钱和在外国挥霍他们年轻人的生活，并为自己树敌无数，另一方面中国却在清理它以前犯下的错误，并努力提高自己的生产能力。复制？是的，但中国现在还掌握了技术本身，并迫使其他国家的市场对他们的货物开放。每个超级大国都有给别人定规矩的习惯，罗马是这样做的，现在轮到美国了。不幸的是，像罗马一样，如今的美国也在做这些超出了他自己能力承载范围的事情，而不是去解决自己家里真正应该解决的问题。

-------------译者：cccoom1993-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Wenbin Wu Chinese citizen
Written Oct 5
Germany copied Britain.

德国抄袭英国。

USA copied Europe.

美国抄袭欧洲。

Japan copied USA.

日本抄袭美国。

And China is copying the whole damn world!

然后，中国抄袭整个世界！

However it's not like China is copying. It can't do this without the capitalists outsourcing production process to it.

然而实际上，这看上去并不像是中国在抄袭，如果没有那些资本家把生产过程外包给中国，中国是无法做到这一点的。

And Trump is saying globalization means “we are being robbed”.

与此同时，特朗普在狂呼全球化等同于我们被洗劫了。

Who are being robbed by whom?

拜托，到底是谁被谁洗劫了？

The 99% is being robbed by the 1% who made the decision of outsourcing.

事实就是，是那百分之九十九的人民被那百分之一的资本家的决定给洗劫了。

Framing China seems too convenient isn't it?

把锅都甩给中国实在是轻而易举，难道不是吗？

Because he is the 1%!

（为什么唐大嘴会这么说？）就因为他是那百分之一！

-------------译者：Linsanity2018-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Ben Kelley Strong interest in geopolitics and defence
upxed Oct 12
There once was a super power before the USA.
It had a massive navy. A strong expeditionary Army. A huge trading empire. It even had a massive manufacturing and production capability. They even spoke English. They built ships the first aircraft carriers the first battleships the first fighter planes the first bombers. They made the first jet engine.
Then this other English-speaking country copied all their ideas. They built carriers and jet planes and battleships. They built cars they built roads and trains. They built a new trading empire. Sure this new power made some improvements here and there but copied nonetheless. It made sense after all a good idea was a good idea. Eventually after decades and decades they made advances in science all of their own and made their own stuff. Started to win Nobel prizes.
So ask a UK citizen if you can be a superpower just by copying.

在美国之前，曾经有这么一个超级大国。
它拥有一支庞大的海军，一支强大的远征军，一个巨大的贸易帝国，还拥有庞大的制造业和生产能力。
他们说的是英语。他们建造了世界上第一艘航空母舰和战列舰，第一架战斗机和轰炸机，还制造出了第一台喷气式引擎。
然后，另一个同样也说英语的国家抄袭了这一切的创意。
他们建造航母、喷气式飞机和战列舰，他们生产汽车，修建公路，制造火车，他们建立起了一个新的贸易帝国。
当然了，这个新兴大国对抄来的东西做出了种种改进，但说到底也是抄来的。这并没有什么错，毕竟好点子就是好点子。
最终，经过了数十年，他们在科学上取得了自己的进步，制造出了自己的东西，并开始赢得一系列的诺贝尔奖。
所以，你可以去问问一个英国人，是不是有国家能够仅靠抄袭而成为超级大国？