“将我传送上去，斯科蒂！”科学家把光子传至300英里外的太空 [英国媒体]

Beam me up, Scotty! Scientists teleport photons 300 miles into space

“将我传送上去，斯科蒂！”科学家把光子传至300英里外的太空



Star Trek tech is still way off but successful test of quantum entanglement at Earth-space distance boosts hope for building an unhackable quantum internet

星际旅行技术依然很遥远，但地球——太空量子纠缠的成功试验，让建设牢不可破的量子互联网有了希望

Chinese scientists have teleported an obxt from Earth to a satellite orbiting 300 miles away in space, in a demonstration that has echoes of science fiction.

中国科学家已将一个物体从地球传送到300英里外的卫星轨道的太空中，实现了科幻小说的幻想。

The feat sets a new record for quantum teleportation, an eerie phenomenon in which the complete properties of one particle are instantaneously transferred to another – in effect teleporting it to a distant location.

这项壮举为量子传送创造了新的记录，这是一个神奇的现象，一个粒子的全部属性瞬间转移到另一个粒子上——实际上这个粒子被传送到了远处。

Scientists have hailed the advance as a significant step towards the goal of creating an unhackable quantum internet.

科学家们称赞这一进步是朝着创造一个牢不可破的量子互联网这个目标迈出的重要一步。

“Space-scale teleportation can be realised and is expected to play a key role in the future distributed quantum internet,” the authors, led by Professor Chao-Yang Lu from the University of Science and Technology of China, wrote in the paper.

由来自中国科技大学的陆朝阳教授领导的作者们在报纸上写道：“空间尺度的传送可以实现，这预计在未来分布式量子互联网中将发挥重要作用。”

The work may bring to mind Scotty beaming up the Enterprise crew in Star Trek, but there is no prospect of humans being able to materialise instantaneously at remote locations any time soon. The teleportation effect is limited to quantum-scale obxts, such as fundamental particles.

这个实验可能会让你想起星际迷航里的斯科蒂，但即时传送对人类来说依然前景渺茫。这种量子传送效应仅限于量子尺度的物体，例如基本粒子。

In the experiment, photons were beamed from a ground station in Ngari in Tibet to China’s Micius satellite, which is in orbit 300 miles above Earth.

在实验中，光子从西藏的阿里地面站传送到距离地球300英里的中国墨子号卫星上。

The research hinged on a bizarre effect known as quantum entanglement, in which pairs of particles are generated simultaneously meaning they inhabit a single, shared quantum state. Counter-intuitively, this twinned existence continues, even when the particles are separated by vast distances: any change in one will still affect the other.

这项研究的核心是一种奇特的效应，称为量子纠缠，即成对的粒子同时产生，这意味着它们处于一个共享的量子态中。不寻常地说，即使颗粒被巨大的距离隔开，这种双重存在仍然存在：任何一个变化都会影响另一个。

Scientists can exploit this effect to transfer information between the two entangled particles. In quantum teleportation, a third particle is introduced and entangled with one of the original pair, in such a way that its distant partner assumes the exact state of the third particle.

科学家可以利用这种效应在两个纠缠粒子之间传递信息。在量子传送中，引入第三个粒子并与原始对中的一个相互纠缠，使得其远处的对象呈现第三个粒子的确切状态。

For all intents and purposes, the distant particle takes on the identity of the new particle that its partner has interacted with.

概而言之，远处的粒子会呈现出它的搭档和第三个粒子互动产生的新粒子的特性。

Quantum teleportation could be harnessed to produce a new form of communication network, in which information would be encoded by the quantum states of entangled photons, rather than strings of 0s and 1s. The huge security advantage would be that it would be impossible for an eavesdropper to measure the photons’ states without disturbing them and revealing their presence.

量子传送可以被利用来产生一种新的通信网络形式，其中信息将由纠缠光子的量子态编码，而不是0和1的串。巨大的安全优势将使窃听者无法在不干扰量子的状态下去测量量子，而这么做将会使他们的行为暴露。

Ian Walmsley, Hooke professor of experimental physics at Oxford University, said the latest work was an impressive step towards this ambition. “This palpably indicates that the field isn’t limited to scientists sitting in their labs thinking about weird things. Quantum phenomena actually have a utility and can really deliver some significant new technologies.”

牛津大学实验物理学教授霍恩斯表示，最近的工作是朝着这个雄心迈进的重要一步。“这显然表明，这个领域并不只是坐在实验室里的科学家想到的奇怪的事情。量子现象实际上具有实用性，可以真正提供一些重要的新技术。”

Scientists have already succeeded in creating partially quantum networks in which secure messages can be sent over optical fibres. However, entanglement is fragile and is gradually lost as photons travel through optical fibres, meaning that scientists have struggled to get teleportation to work across large enough distances to make a global quantum network viable.

科学家已经成功创建了可以通过光纤发送安全消息的部分量子网络。然而，量子纠缠是脆弱的，并且会随着光子穿过光纤而逐渐丧失，这意味着科学家们要努力让量子传送的有效距离更大，从而使建造一个全球量子网络变得可行。

The advantage of using a satellite is that the particles of light travel through space for much of their journey. Last month, the Chinese team demonstrated they could send entangled photons from space to Earth. The latest work does the reverse: they sent photons from the mountaintop base to the satellite as it passed directly overhead.

使用卫星的优点在于，光粒的传送大部分是在太空中进行的。上个月，中国团队证明他们可以把纠缠的光子从太空传送到地球。最新的研究结果正好相反：当卫星直接通过头顶时，他们将光子从山顶的基地发送到卫星上。

Transmitting into space is more difficult as turbulence in the Earth’s atmosphere can cause the particles to deviate, and when this occurs at the start of their journey they can end up further off course.

由于地球大气中的湍流会导致粒子偏离，所以向太空传送会更为困难，当这种情况发生在它们的旅程开始时，它们可能会传送到比预设更远的地方。

The latest paper, published on the Arxiv website, describes how, more than 32 days, the scientists sent millions of photons to the satellite and achieved teleportation in 911 cases.

最新的论文发表在arXiv网站，介绍了科学家如何在超过32天里，向卫星发射了数百万的光子并完成了911例量子传送。

“This work establishes the first ground-to-satellite up-lix for faithful and ultra-long-distance quantum teleportation, an essential step toward global-scale quantum internet,” the team write.

该团队写道：“这项工作成功建立了第一个接地卫星链路和超长距离量子传送，向全球规模量子互联网迈出了关键一步。”

A number of teams, including the European Space Agency and Canadian scientists, have similar quantum-enabled satellites in development, but the latest results suggest China is leading the way in this field.

包括欧洲航天局和加拿大科学家在内的一些团队也在发展类似的量子卫星，但最新的结果表明，中国在这一领域处于领先地位。


Beeswaxbob
Do us all a favour and please Beam Up the Brexiteers to the dark side of the moon. We''ll be happier and the Brexiteers will feel properly at home.

帮我们大家一个忙，把所有同意英国脱欧的人全部传送到月球的暗面上去。这样我们既会更开心而脱欧者可能也感觉像回到了家一样。

fastgameplayer
No, please no, The Dark Side of the Moon is one of my favourite albums

不，请不要这么做，月之暗面是我最喜欢的专辑之一。
（《The Dark Side of the Moon》：摇滚专辑名称，是名为Pink Floyd的经典唱片。内容风格多种多样。）

chucklesthemonkey
Sorry to be a pedant but they haven''t teleported an obxt just the quantum state.

很抱歉在这咬文嚼字，但是他们传送的不是物体只是量子态。

waunarlwydd
That''s right... welcome to the world of sloppy science communications. I doubt that any editor or writer who has looked at this piece knows anything about physics.

没错......欢迎来到草率的通信科学世界。我怀疑任何看过这篇文章的编辑或作家对物理都一无所知。

FrostAndFire
Slightly misleading to claim that a photon has been teleported (or, worse, as some news outlets have, to claim an ''obxt'' has been teleported) where, as this article admits, it is the quantum state that has been transferred.

一个光子被传送到某地这个宣称稍微有点误导性（或者更糟，一些媒体声称一个“物体”被传送），正如本篇文章所称，被传送的是量子态。

andyeverywhere
Crazy no? I think I was reading a MIT article that called it an obxt. Probably a lot of confusion (well....) given that they send the photons (obxts) normally and then the quantum state is transferred.

我记得我曾读过麻省理工学院的一篇文章，里面称它为一个“物体”。这么说可能很混乱（嗯……）：他们按理论来说发送了一个光子（物体），然后把量子态转移到了光子上。

Banditolobster
Its a philosophical question in some respects, is the particle still in the lab and its twin merely in a satellite, or has its twin satellite essentially become its twin in the satellite.
One to make your head hurt the more you think about it.

这在某些方面是一个哲学问题，是这个量子仍在实验室里而另一个量子在卫星里，还是说另一个在卫星里的量子本质上成为了一对纠缠量子？
这是一个你越想头越疼的问题。

FrostAndFire
Yep. When you get all quantum, nothing makes any sense anymore (and I say that as someone with a PhD in quantum theory.

没错。当你得到所有的量子，什么都没有任何意义了。（这句话是我作为量子理论博士来说的）

Thestinger  
I got an E at A level in physics, think how I feel!

我在物理水平测试只得了E，想想我的感受！

clevercountrymember  
What the hell is a "photon". Can anyone shed light on this?

“光子”到底他娘的是什么，谁来解释一下？

jabberwock359
911 bits over a month is certainly worse than the first computers ... but on a more serious note: 911! .. it must be a conspiracy!

一个多月才传送911次，这肯定比世界第一台电脑差......但要更认真对待的是：911！这一定是阴谋！

Edimus9981
Fascinating

不可思议

DiNG ObEdO
...(in the voice of Leonard Nimoy)...

...(伦纳德·尼莫伊心想道)...
（伦纳德·尼莫伊：他以从1966年至1969年在美国电视连续剧《星际旅行》中扮演斯波克而成名  PS.这俩在说相声吗？）

Trogopterus
scientists have teleported an obxt
It could be argued that, strictly speaking, it is the state of a particle that is teleported, not the particle itself. 

“科学家传送了一个物体”
这个说法会引起争论，严格地说，被传送的是粒子的状态，而不是粒子本身。

Joel Miller
Imagine how far we would have progressed by now if religion died out...

想象一下，如果宗教早就灭绝了，我们现在能取得多大进展？…

ShooPooMagoo
Just imagine how far we''d have come if religion never existed at all.

试想一下，如果宗教根本不存在，我们现在会走多远。

Macra Bill
I read earlier today that Stephen Hawking believes space exploration could unite and elevate us as a species. I really hope so because we need that.
When I was eight those millennium celebrations made it seem that a progressive Federation like utopia was a mere few years, in some ways it feels like we''re crawling backwards.

我今天早些时候读到，史蒂芬霍金相信太空探索会让我们作为一个物种更加团结和提高。我真的希望如此，因为我们需要这些。
在我八岁的时候，那些千年庆典使得联邦的进步像是乌托邦一样，然而仅仅持续了几年，在某些方面，我们感觉我们在不断退步。

Laughinglady
God science has got so anticlimactic. It used to be atom bombs and going to the moon, now something as fundamentally amazing as quantum entanglement results in ... more secure banking. I''m going back into hibernation, defrost me when something interesting happens.

天啊科学已经衰落成这样了吗。科学曾经是原子弹和登月计划，现在，量子纠缠产生了惊人的进步......使得银行更安全。我要去冬眠了，等发生一些有趣的事情时再让我解冻。

RichWoods
Scientists teleport photons 300 miles into space
No actual obxt has been teleported. Some quantum states of one obxt have been imposed upon a similar obxt which already existed and was already present at that remote location. That is indeed a fine achievement, but it''s not an instance where a physical obxt has been moved from one place to another instantaneously.

不，实际上不是物体被传送。是一些量子态被传送到一个已经被放置在很远的地方的物体上。这确实是一个了不起的成就，但这不是一个把一个实物传送到另一个遥远的地方的实例。

originalabsence
So Russia could communicate with Trump and intelligence couldn''t intercept it and know he''s a traitor?

所以俄罗斯能和特朗普联系而情报部门无法拦截并知道他是叛徒了？

GreatLizard  
It wouldn''t matter. He would tweet the information anyway.

没事儿。反正他会把这些信息发到推特里。